@Article{VetACSRABBDGHPGFGHKMNRR:2014:GlAsPr,
author = "Vet, Robert and Artz, Richard S. and Carou, Silvina and Shaw, Mike
and Ro, Chul-Un and Aas, Wenche and Baker, Alex and Bowersox, Van
C. and Dentener, Frank and Galy-Lacaux, Corinne and Hou, Amy and
Pienaar, Jacobus J. and Gillett, Robert and Forti, Maria Cristina
and Gromov, Sergey and Hara, Hiroshi and Khodzher, Tamara and
Mahowald, Natalie M. and Nickovic, Slobodan and Rao, P. S. P. and
Reid, Neville W.",
affiliation = "{Environment Canada} and {National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration (NOAA)} and {Environment Canada} and {Environment
Canada} and {Environment Canada} and {Norwegian Institute for Air
Research (NILU)} and {University of East Anglia} and QA/SAC
Americas, World Meteorological Organization Global Atmosphere
Watch, Champaign, IL, US and European Commission, Joint Research
Centre, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Ispra, Italy
and {Observatoire Midi Pyr{\'e}n{\'e}es} and {Environment
Canada} and {North-West University} and {CSIRO Marine and
Atmospheric Research} and {Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas
Espaciais (INPE)} and Institute of Global Climate and Ecology,
Roshydromet and RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation and {Tokyo
University of Agriculture and Technology} and {Siberian Branch of
the Russian Academy of Sciences} and {Cornell University} and
Atmospheric Research and Environment Branch (AREB), World
Meteorological Organization, Geneva, Switzerland and {Indian
Institute of Tropical Meteorology} and {Ontario Ministry of the
Environment}",
title = "A global assessment of precipitation chemistry and deposition of
sulfur, nitrogen, sea salt, base cations, organic acids, acidity
and pH, and phosphorus",
journal = "Atmospheric Environment",
year = "2014",
volume = "93",
pages = "3--100",
month = "Aug.",
note = "{The Addendum contains supplementary material for the} and
{article. It can be viewed electronically at
http://dx.doi.org/10.} and 1016/j.atmosenv.2014.02.017.",
keywords = "precipitation chemistry, deposition, emissions, major ions, Global
Atmosphere Watch, assessment, pH.",
abstract = "A global assessment of precipitation chemistry and deposition has
been carried out under the direction of the World Meteorological
Organization (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW) Scientific
Advisory Group for Precipitation Chemistry (SAG-PC). The
assessment addressed three questions: (1) what do measurements and
model estimates of precipitation chemistry and wet, dry and total
deposition of sulfur, nitrogen, sea salt, base cations, organic
acids, acidity, and phosphorus show globally and regionally? (2)
has the wet deposition of major ions changed since 2000 (and,
where information and data are available, since 1990) and (3) what
are the major gaps and uncertainties in our knowledge? To that
end, regionally-representative measurements for two
3-year-averaging periods, 20002002 and 20052007, were compiled
worldwide. Data from the 20002002 averaging period were combined
with 2001 ensemble-mean modeling results from 21 global chemical
transport models produced in Phase 1 of the Coordinated Model
Studies Activities of the Task Force on Hemispheric Transport of
Air Pollution (TF HTAP). The measurement data and modeling results
were used to generate global and regional maps of major ion
concentrations in precipitation and deposition. A major product of
the assessment is a database of quality assured ion concentration
and wet deposition data gathered from regional and national
monitoring networks. The database is available for download from
the World Data Centre for Precipitation Chemistry
(http://wdcpc.org/). The assessment concludes that global
concentrations and deposition of sulfur and nitrogen are
reasonably well characterized with levels generally highest near
emission sources and more than an order of magnitude lower in
areas largely free of anthropogenic influences. In many parts of
the world, wet deposition of reduced nitrogen exceeds that of
oxidized nitrogen and is increasing. Sulfur and nitrogen
concentrations and deposition in North America and Europe have
declined significantly in line with emission reduction policies.
Major regions of the world, including South America, the more
remote areas of North America, much of Asia, Africa, Oceania,
polar regions, and all of the oceans, are inadequately sampled for
all of the major ions in wet and dry deposition, and particularly
so for phosphorus, organic forms of nitrogen, and weak acids
including carbonates and organic acids. Measurement-based
inferential estimates of dry deposition are limited to sulfur and
some nitrogen in only a few regions of the world and methods are
highly uncertain. The assessment concludes with recommendations to
address major gaps and uncertainties in global ion concentration
and deposition measurements.",
doi = "10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.060",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.060",
issn = "1352-2310",
label = "self-archiving-INPE-MCTI-GOV-BR",
language = "en",
targetfile = "1-s2.0-S1352231013008133-main.pdf",
url = "http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2013.10.060",
urlaccessdate = "04 maio 2024"
}